Measuring And Analyzing Changes In The Exchange Rate And Their Impact On The Trade Balance In Iraq 2010-2022
Keywords:
Measuring, Analyzing Changes in Exchange Rates, Their Impact on the Balance of TradeAbstract
This research seeks to illustrate the effects of rate of exchange volatility on Iraq's trade balance .The report examines currency rates in Iraq from 2010 to 2022, including both official and parallel values. The study addresses the trade balance, encompassing exports and imports, and investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on trade performance through the ARDL model. It demonstrates a direct relationship between the two variables and confirms the absence of autocorrelation issues. Formulating a series of results and recommendations.
References
Abdul Hussein Jalil Abdul Hassan Al-Ghali, the exchange rate and its management in light of economic shocks, 1st edition, Amman, Dar Al-Safaa for Publishing and Distribution, 2011.
Adel Ahmed Hashish, International Economic Relations, Alexandria, New University Publishing House, 2000.
Amin Rashidi, The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of International Accounting Standard 21 and the Financial Accounting System, Al-Bashaer Economic Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2017.
Bassem Al-Hamoudi and Muhammad Nasr, International Finance, 1st edition, United Arab Company for Marketing and Supplies, Cairo, 2003.
Central Bank of Iraq, Department of Statistics and Research, Annual Statistical Bulletin, various years.
Duraid Kamel Al-Shabib, International Finance, 1st edition, Al-Yazouri Publishing, Amman, Jordan, 2011.
Eviews statistical program.
Falih Hassan Khalaf, International Finance, Al-Warraq Publishing and Distribution Foundation, Jordan, 2004.
Ghaleb Hussein Al-Salahi and Saleh Ali Fadel, Yemeni trade balance deficit, causes and treatments, published research, Aden University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Aden, 2023.
Hoshyar Marouf, Macroeconomic Analysis, 1st edition, Dar Safaa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2005
Hossam Ali Dawoud and others, Economics of Foreign Trade, 1st edition, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 2002.
Maher Kanj Shukri and Marwan Awad, International Finance for Foreign Currencies and Financial Derivatives between (Theory and Practice), 1st edition, Al-Hamid Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 2004.
Mahmoud Abdel Aziz Ajima, The exchange rate and its role in balancing the balance of payments, 2nd edition, University Publishing House, Egypt, 2003.
Muhannad Khamis Abd and others, Analysis of the impact of the exchange rate on the trade balance in the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2020), Al-Kout Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 46, 2023.
Mukhtar Daas and Youssef Boudraji, The impact of the exchange rate on the trade balance in Algeria (1980-2020), Master’s thesis, Dr. Yahya Fares University, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, Algeria, 2022.
Musa Saeed Matar and others, International Finance, 1st edition, Dar Al-Safaa for Publishing and Distribution, Egypt, 2007.
Nisreen Bou Ziyan and Linda Ounas, The impact of trade policy measures on the trade balance in Algeria for the period (2000-2021), Master’s thesis, University of Martyr Sheikh Larbi Tebessi - Tebessa, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, Algeria, 2023.
Sabreen Adnan Wali, Iman Alaa Kazem, The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the general budget of Iraq, a case study for the period (2004-2018), Hammurabi Journal of Studies, Volume 8, Issue 85, Iraq, 2020.
Sami Khalil, International Economics (Book Two), Dar Al Nahda Al Arabiya, Cairo, 2007.
Taher Al-Atrash, Banking Fluctuations, Office of University Press, Algeria, 2003.
Zainab Hussein Awadallah, International Economy, Algeria, 2004.